III CA 654/15
Podsumowanie
Przejdź do pełnego tekstuSprawa dotyczyła zasadności obciążenia konsumenta opłatą warunkową i likwidacyjną przy wcześniejszym rozwiązaniu umowy ubezpieczenia na życie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitałowym. Sąd Rejonowy zasądził na rzecz powoda R. Z. kwotę 2.876 zł wraz z odsetkami i kosztami procesu, uznając klauzule umowne dotyczące opłat za abuzywne. Pozwany ubezpieczyciel zaskarżył ten wyrok, podnosząc zarzuty naruszenia prawa materialnego, w tym art. 385¹ § 1 k.c., twierdząc, że klauzule te nie naruszają dóbr konsumenta, a opłaty pokrywały koszty obsługi umowy. Sąd Okręgowy oddalił apelację, podzielając stanowisko Sądu Rejonowego. Sąd podkreślił, że klauzule te nie były indywidualnie uzgodnione, kształtują prawa i obowiązki konsumenta w sposób sprzeczny z dobrymi obyczajami i rażąco naruszają jego interesy, co jest zgodne z implementacją dyrektywy UE o nieuczciwych warunkach w umowach konsumenckich. Sąd powołał się na rejestr klauzul niedozwolonych oraz orzecznictwo Sądu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów i Sądu Najwyższego, które potwierdzają abuzywny charakter podobnych opłat likwidacyjnych. Sąd uznał, że opłata likwidacyjna w wysokości 100% środków jest wygórowana, niewspółmierna do poniesionych kosztów i prowadzi do wzbogacenia ubezpieczyciela kosztem konsumenta. Zarzuty naruszenia prawa procesowego uznano za chybione.
Przeanalizuj tę sprawę w pełnym kontekście orzecznictwa.
Analiza orzecznictwa · odpowiedzi na pytania · badanie przepisów · drafting pism.
Zagadnienia prawne (2)
Czy postanowienia umowy ubezpieczenia na życie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitałowym dotyczące opłaty warunkowej i likwidacyjnej, kształtujące prawa i obowiązki konsumenta, mogą być uznane za abuzywne w rozumieniu art. 385¹ § 1 k.c.?Ratio decidendi
Odpowiedź sądu
Tak, postanowienia te mogą być uznane za abuzywne, jeśli nie były indywidualnie uzgodnione, kształtują prawa i obowiązki konsumenta w sposób sprzeczny z dobrymi obyczajami i rażąco naruszają jego interesy.
Uzasadnienie
Sąd uznał, że opłaty likwidacyjne i warunkowe w umowach ubezpieczeniowych z UFK, jeśli nie są indywidualnie uzgodnione, często stanowią klauzule abuzywne. Są one sprzeczne z dobrymi obyczajami i rażąco naruszają interes konsumenta, prowadząc do jego nieuzasadnionego wzbogacenia ubezpieczyciela. Sąd powołał się na przepisy implementujące dyrektywę UE oraz orzecznictwo Sądu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów i Sądu Najwyższego.
Czy sąd krajowy powinien stosować przepisy prawa krajowego implementujące prawo unijne, nawet jeśli prawo unijne przewiduje minimalny poziom ochrony?Ratio decidendi
Odpowiedź sądu
Tak, w sytuacji gdy prawo krajowe stanowi wyraz implementacji prawa unijnego i przewiduje dalej idącą ochronę konsumenta, należy stosować te przepisy prawa krajowego.
Uzasadnienie
Sąd wyjaśnił, że polskie przepisy dotyczące klauzul abuzywnych (art. 385¹-385³ k.c.) stanowią implementację dyrektywy UE i zapewniają wyższy poziom ochrony konsumentów niż minimalny wymagany przez dyrektywę. Dlatego sądy krajowe są zobowiązane do ich stosowania.
Strony
| Nazwa | Typ | Rola |
|---|---|---|
| R. Z. | osoba_fizyczna | powód |
| (...) Towarzystwo (...) Spółka Akcyjna w W. | spółka | pozwany |
Przepisy (6)
Główne
k.c. art. 385¹ § § 1
Kodeks cywilny
Postanowienie umowy zawartej z konsumentem, nieuzgodnione indywidualnie, kształtujące prawa i obowiązki konsumenta w sposób sprzeczny z dobrymi obyczajami, rażąco naruszające jego interesy, niebędące postanowieniem dotyczącym głównych świadczeń stron, jest niewiążące dla konsumenta.
Pomocnicze
k.c. art. 385
Kodeks cywilny
k.c. art. 471
Kodeks cywilny
Dłużnik jest obowiązany do naprawienia szkody wynikłej z niewykonania lub nienależytego wykonania zobowiązania, chyba że ponosi odpowiedzialność za niedopełnienie tych okoliczności.
k.c. art. 481 § § 1
Kodeks cywilny
Jeżeli dłużnik opóźni się ze spełnieniem świadczenia pieniężnego, wierzyciel może żądać odsetek za czas opóźnienia, choćby nie poniósł szkody i choćby opóźnienie było następstwem okoliczności, za które dłużnik odpowiedzialności nie ponosi.
k.c. art. 455
Kodeks cywilny
Jeżeli termin spełnienia świadczenia nie jest oznaczony ani nie wynika z właściwości zobowiązania, świadczenie powinno być spełnione niezwłocznie po wezwaniu dłużnika do wykonania.
k.p.c. art. 217 § § 1
Kodeks postępowania cywilnego
Strony obowiązane są podawać wszystkie okoliczności faktyczne i dowody na ich potwierdzenie 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Informacje dodatkowe
Dane finansowe
WPS: 2876 PLN
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Pełny tekst orzeczenia
Oryginalna treść postanowienia (niezmieniona). Otwiera się jako osobna strona.